Report

This ACLU research report, A Tale of Two Countries: Racially Targeted Arrests in the Era of Marijuana Reform, details marijuana arrests from 2010 to 2018 and examines racial disparities at the national, state, and county levels.

Updating our previous report, The War on Marijuana in Black and White, that examined arrests from 2000 to 2010, this report reveals that the racist war on marijuana is far from over. More than six million arrests occurred between 2010 and 2018, and Black people are still more likely to be arrested for marijuana possession than white people in every state, including those that have legalized marijuana. With detailed recommendations for governments and law enforcement agencies, this report provides a detailed road map for ending the War on Marijuana and ensuring legalization efforts center racial justice.

EXPLORE THE INTERACTIVE DATA VISUALIZER

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The American Civil Liberties Union and the Prison Policy Initiative released a 50-state report entitled “Failing Grades: States’ Responses to COVID-19 in Jails & Prisons.” This all new report shows that, despite having ample time and information to take the steps necessary to heed the warnings of experts and save the lives of those incarcerated in their prisons and jails, state governments across the country refused to adequately address the threat that the COVID-19 pandemic poses in jails and prisons. The new report explains how each state ignored the pleas of incarcerated people and the warnings of medical experts. Nine of the 10 largest clusters of COVID-19 in the nation are in prisons and jails.

The report evaluates states' responses to the spread of COVID-19 in prisons and jails using the following criteria: 

• Did/does the state department of corrections provide testing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to correctional staff and the incarcerated population?
• Did/does the state reduce county jail populations and state prison populations in response to the spread of the pandemic?
• Did the governor issue an executive order — or the department of corrections issue a directive — accelerating the release from state prisons of medically vulnerable individuals and/or those near the end of their sentence?
• Did/does the state publish regularly updated, publicly available data on COVID-19 in the state prison system?

Governors across the nation have failed to take adequate steps to protect people in prisons and jails from the COVID-19 pandemic. From the outset of the pandemic, public health experts sounded the alarm that without swift and drastic actions, prisons and jails across the country would see severe outbreaks of COVID-19. Today, prisons and jails are ground zero for the COVID-19 pandemic, inflicting particular devastation on Black and Brown people, yet prisons and jails continue to be largely ignored in the government’s response to the pandemic. This report not only highlights that callous disregard but provides actionable steps for those same governments to take immediate steps to save the lives of people in jails and prisons.

“Failing Grades: States’ Responses to COVID-19 in Jails & Prisons” comes at a time when COVID-19 is still decimating jails and prisons. Millions of people leave jails and prisons every year, each person serving as a vector to outside communities, as documented in a recent ACLU report. Too many facilities are still responding ineffectively in a way that further undermines public health and basic human rights. The assessments in the report offer guidance as to what states can still do to save lives now and in the case of future waves of COVID-19 — or future pandemics. There is a key lesson to be learned: States must downsize the footprint of their criminal legal system for the sake of public health and racial justice.

The full report is available here.

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FACTS AND POLICY REFORMS FOR WYOMING

As in most states, the prison population in Wyoming has exploded in recent decades.

Between 1980 and 2017, the number of imprisoned people nearly quintupled. As of 2018, 2,493 people were incarcerated by the state in prisons. That same year, Wyoming was no longer able to house all of its prisoners and began paying a contractor to imprison 88 in people in Mississippi. Without reform, the state prison population will grow by 200 people by 2023, costing more than $50 million in new contracts and/or prison capacity.

In 2018, almost 40 percent of people in Wyoming were imprisoned for drug or property related offenses. Additionally, between 2013 and 2017, the number of prison admissions for supervision revocations increased by 27 percent. 84 percent of revocations over this period did not include a new felony conviction.

Unsurprisingly, Wyoming’s mass incarceration crisis has had an enormous impact on people of color, especially Black people. In 2015, the imprisonment rate of Black adults in Wyoming was nearly 5 times that of white adults, and although they made up just one percent of the state’s adult population, Black adults accounted for five percent of state’s prison population.

The population of women in Wyoming prisons is also growing at an alarming rate: Between 1980 and 2016, the number of women imprisoned in Wyoming grew nearly tenfold. Despite empty beds at the Wyoming Women’s Center (WWC), in 2018 eight women were moved to a county jail due to understaffing. A lawsuit filed in early 2019 by three women imprisoned in the WWC alleged unconstitutional conditions due to overcrowding and deteriorating facilities.

But it doesn’t have to be this way.

Wyoming can dramatically reduce its prison population by implementing just a few sensible reforms:

• Advocate for a restorative justice model for the wider criminal justice system.
• Expand probation as the presumptive punishment for certain crimes.
• Prohibit incarceration in cases of technical violations of parole and probation.
• Expand Medicaid so that Wyomingites have greater access to drug treatment.
• Reduce reliance on cash bail and create a fairer, smarter pretrial system.

If Wyoming were to follow these and other reforms outlined in this Smart Justice 50-State Blueprint, 1,528 fewer people would be in prison in the state by 2025, saving over $166 million that could be invested in schools, services, and other resources that would strengthen communities.

For more information, along with detailed breakdowns of Wyoming’s prison population and the reforms needed to reduce it, click here.

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